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Course: |
Radar Basics and Amazing
Breakthroughs
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Lecturer:
Dr. Eli Brookner, Principal Engineering Fellow, Raytheon Company
Date:
Mondays, 6:00 - 9:00 PM
Oct. 29, Nov. 12, 19, 26, Dec. 3, 17 Jan. 7, 14, 21, 28 (Snow Days, Feb.
4 & 11)
Please note: The Radar course for January 14, 2008 has been cancelled due to weather and will be made up on Monday, February 4th.
Location:
MITRE Corp., 202 Burlington Rd., Bedford, Room 1S100 (Tentative)
The following four (4) books are provided FREE with your registration, (total list price value $567):
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This course is an updated version of the Radar Technology course given previously. Those who have taken the Radar Technology previously should find it worthwhile taking this revised version. Extra lecture added in order to include coverage of NEW material consisting of (but not limited to): Radar height-range coverage diagram determination using the powerful SPAWAR’s (updated ‘07) AREPS program. AREPS provides coverage for arbitrary propagation conditions (ducts [evaporation, surface, or elevated], subrefraction or superrefraction) and terrain conditions (based on DTED data). AREPS now accounts for surface roughness scattering and evaluates sea and land clutter backscatter versus range. Attendees will be told how to obtain AREPS FREE. Valued at over $7,000. Also new is the coverage of: Anomalous Propagation and what to do about it; the latest on solid state devices and transmitters (including GaN, SiC, SiGe); Breakthroughs in Radar — $10 T/R module, Digital Beam Forming (DBF), MIMO, Packaging, Disruptive Integration, Metamaterials, Tubes. Also covered are STAP, AMTI, DPCA; Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), System Temperature. Updated course is framed around books Radar Technology (1977) and Aspects of Modern Radar (1988) edited by Eli Brookner; updated version of the book “Tracking and Kalman Filtering Made Easy” (1998) by Eli Brookner; and 3rd Edition of Skolnik’s classic book “Introduction to Radar Systems” (2001). Also given out free are supplementary notes consisting of copies of >800 vugraphs plus 8 paper reprints by Dr. Brookner:
The Radar Technology textbook for the course gives parameters for 96 American, Russian, French, Dutch and English radars (Table 1). Photos for nearly all 96 radars plus others are provided in the text. The Aspects of Modern Radar book updates this table giving the parameters of over 200 surface and airborne radars. The recent book “Tracking and Kalman Filtering Made Easy”, takes the mystery and drudgery out of the g-h, g-h-k and Kalman filters. This book covers the filters from simple physical and geometric approaches. Extensive, simple and useful design equations, procedures and curves are presented. Extensive homework problems and their solutions are given. Covered in simple terms; is the voltage least-squares filtering problem, the orthognal transformations (Givens, Gram-Schmidt and Householder) for doing least-squares filtering, and finally the extended Kalman filter. For the beginner, basics such as the radar equation, MTI (Moving Target Indicator) and pulse doppler processing, antenna-scanning techniques, pulse compression, CFAR, RAC and SAW devices are explained in simple terms. Dome antenna, CCDs, BBDs, SAW devices, SAW monolithic convolvers, microstrip antennas, ultra-low antenna sidelobes (<-50 dB), stacked beam and phased array systems, (1-D, 2-D, Limited Field of View [LFOV]), Moving Target Detection (MTD). These will be explained so that the inexperienced can follow as well. For both the novice and experienced covered are tracking, prediction and smoothing in simple terms (mystery taken out of g-h and Kalman filters); the latest developments and future trend in solid state, tube and digital processing technology; synthetic aperture radar (SAR): Displaced Phase Center Antenna (DPCA); DBF; Adaptive-Adaptive Array Processing for jammer suppression with orders of magnitude reduction in computation; RECENT AMAZING RADAR BREAKTHROUGHS |
AREPS COVERAGE DIAGRAM
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Lecture 1 October 29
FUNDAMENTALS OF Radar: Part 1
History of Radar
Major achievements since WWII: Phased Arrays. Principles explained with COBRA DANE used as example. Covered will be: Near and Far Field Definitions, Phased Steering, Time Delay Steering, Subarraying, Array Weighting, Monopulse, Duplexing, Array Thinning, Ionospheric Dispersion Compensation, embedded element, Tour of COBRA DANE (6 stories) via color slides.
Radar equation derived; search and track forms
Frequency Tradeoffs:
Search vs Track,
Ambiguous Doppler and Range,
Chinese Remainder Theorem for Ambiguity
Removal, Detection in Clutter
Lecture 2 November 5
FUNDAMENTALS OF Radar: Part 2
Frequency Tradeoffs (continued)
Blind Velocity region, range eclipsing
Detection of Low Flying, Low Cross-Section Targets
Antenna Lobing Pattern in Elevation
Ground Multipath Problem and ways to cope with it, e.g., use of an even difference
pattern Off-Axis Monopulse, Complex Monopulse.Two Frequency Radar Systems;
Marconi L- and S-band S631, Signaal (Holland)
Flycatcher X and Ka System
Lecture 3 November 12
FUNDAMENTALS of Radar: Part 3
Propagation: standard, superrefraction,
Subrefraction, surface-basedducts, evaporation ducts
Determination of radar coverage using new AREPS 3.3 program.
OTH Radar: Tube and Solid State
Environmental Factors
Dependence of clutter model on grazing angle and size radar resolution cell discussed.
Weibull clutter
Polarization Choice
Lecture 4 November 19
FUNDAMENTALS of Radar: Part 4
Antenna Scanning Systems:
Fixed Beam System: Wake Measurement Radar
2-D Scanners
3-D Scanners: Stacked Beam: Marconi, Martello
SMARTELLO ARSA-4
1-D Frequency Scanning: ITT Series 320
1-D Phased Scanning: TPS-59, GE-592, RAT-31DL,
Phased-Frequency Scanners: Raytheon Fire Finder and Plessy New AR320
Limited and Hemispherical Scanning (Dome Antenna) related and explained in simple terms.
Lecture 5 November 26
FUNDAMENTALS of Radar: Part 5
Ultra Low Antenna Sidelobes (40 dB down or more):
Slotted waveguide (AWAC, TPS-70), Dipole, Arrays
Reflectors
Moving Target Indicators (MTI):
Two-Pulse Cancellor, Pulse Doppler Processing, Moving Target Detector (MTD), Optimum Clutter Cancellor, STAP, AMTI, DPCA
Lecture 6 December 3
TRENDS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING: Part 1
What is Pulse Compression? Matched Filters; Chirp Waveform Defined
Analog Processing:
Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Devices: Reflective Array Compressor (RAC), Delay Lines, Bandpass Filters, Oscillators, Resonators; IMCON Devices explained; Analog programmable Monolithic SAW Convolver
BBD/CCD. What are they?
Lecture 7 January 7
TRENDS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING: Part 2
Digital Processing:
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
Butterfly, Pipeline and In-Place Computation explained in simple terms
Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) Spectral Estimate
State-of-the-art of A/Ds, FPGAs and Memory
Signal Processor Architectures
Pipeline FFT, Distributed, Systolic, Digital Beam Forming (DBF)
Lecture 8 January 14
COMPONENT TRENDS
Solid State Phased-Array Transmitters:
Discrete All Solid State PAVEPAWS; advantages over tube radar; BMEWS.
MMIC (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuitry); integrated circuitry applied to microwave circuitry). Ex.: THAAD , SPY-3, IRIDIUM.
Solid State ‘Bottle’ Transmitters:
ASR -11/DASR, ASR-23SS, ASDE-X
Tube Basics: Magnatron, TWT, Klystron, Gyrotrons.
SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR
Strip, Spotlight, Digital processing
AMAZING BREAKTHROUGHS
Low cost arrays; $10 T/R module; high power transistors (GaN and SiC); SiGe; DBF: advantages of multiple beams, lower search power, fewer A/D bits; Adaptive-Adaptive Processing; KASSPER: reduces false alarms in STAP by an order of magnitude; low cost MEMS Arrays; 4" SAR; 3 centimeter resolution with Haystack; Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems: enables coherent combining of radars and adaptive processing at receiver of transmitter and receiver arrays for maximum S/I; Ultra-wideband array antennas: 1.8-18GHz and 31:1instantaneous bandwidth; meta materials: allows stelthing of targets and focusing beyond defraction limits, Moore’s Law marches on; vacuum tubes: gyrotron amplifiers;
Lecture 9 January 21
TRACKING, PREDICTION AND SMOOTHING
Covered using simple Algebra and Physical understanding
The mystery taken out of Kalman Filters
a-b (g-h): Filter: What it is: Simple explanation, derivations and physical feel then given.
Prediction Errors due to: Target Dynamics, Measurement Noise; Transient Response; Critically Damped Filter; Fading Memory; Benedict-Bordner Filter; Example Designs; Stability; Track Initiation.
Kalman Filter: Explained in simple physical terms; Why Kalman Filter? Physical Feel for; Relationship to Weiner Filter: Matrix Notation; Simple Derivation; Tracking Initiation; a-b-g (g-h-k) Filter
Lecture 10 January 28
HOW TO LOOK LIKE A GENIUS IN DETECTION WITHOUT REALLY TRYING
Single Scan Detection
A simple procedure for determining detection through the use of Meyer Plots, MATLAB and MATHCAD is presented. No detailed mathematics used, emphasis being on physical understanding of target models (non-fluctuating, Marcum, Swerling, Weinstock, Chi-Square, Rayleigh, Lognormal, Rice and YGIAGAM) and performance results. Also covered are beam shape, CFAR, mismatch losses.
Decision (Run/Cancel) Date for this Courses:
Your Registration Includes:
4 textbooks ................................................... $567
Reprints ..........................................................$95
Over 800 Vugraphs ...........................................$50
Course Fee Schedule:
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REGISTRATION RECEIVED BY |
REGISTRATION RECEIVED AFTER |
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IEEE MEMBERS $555 |
IEEE MEMBERS $595 |
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NON-MEMBERS $595 |
NON-MEMBERS $645 |
On-line Registration and Payment
On-line registration for this course is closed. If you would like to register for this course, you may do so at Mitre Corporation, 202 Burlington Road Bedford. MA Room 1S100 between 5:30PM -6:00PM on Monday, October 29, 2007 or by contacting the IEEE Office at 781-245-5405.
Copyright © 2008 IEEE Boston Section.
All rights reserved.
Maintained by R M Stelting
Updated Monday February 04, 2008